Midazolam–ketamine versus dexmedetomidine–ketamine combinations for anesthesia of pediatric patients undergoing cardiac catheterization

Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology

Table 9 The incidence of perioperative adverse events in both study groups

Side effects	Group D (n = 25)	Group M (n = 25)	P value
Nausea/vomiting	1 (4%)	4 (16%)	0.157
Tachycardia (HR inc > 20% from baseline)	0 (0%)	3 (12%)	0.074
Bradycardia (HR dec > 20% from baseline)	3 (12%)	0 (0%)	0.074
Hypotension	2 (8%)	1 (4%)	0.551
O₂ desaturation (SpO2 dropped to be < 92% from baseline)	2 (8%)	2 (8%)	1
Shivering	0 (0%)	3 (12%)	0.074
Laryngeal spasm	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	–
Increased oral secretions	0 (0%)	1 (4%)	0.312