Table 3 Heart rate (beat/min) changes in the study groups (data are presented as mean ± SD)

Baseline

86.14 ± 9.73

84.23 ± 11.45

82.87 ± 12.67

After study drug infusion

85.33 ± 10.56

81.44 ± 12.94

74. 32 ± 9.23^{· ·¡}

After anesthesia induction

80.56 ± 9.32

73.53 ± 10.44*

68.46 ± 7.45^·

1 min after intubation

96.32 ± 13.45

82.47 ± 12.26*

75.63 ± 9.72^·

15 min

89.44 ± 11.97

75.85 ± 10.68*

70.83 ± 8.63^·

30 min

83.76 ± 10.63

72.93 ± 11.87*

69.74 ± 8.54^·

45 min

81.32 ± 11.43

71.34 ± 9.55*

67.59 ± 7.21^·

60 min

84.43 ± 9.89

72.89 ± 10.94*

68.47 ± 8.35^·

75 min

82.55 ± 10.78

72.26 ± 9.63*

69.35 ± 8.76^·

90 min

84.18 ± 9.84

73.23 ± 10.76*

68.75 ± 8.44^·

1 min after extubation

94.67 ± 11.73

80.85 ± 12.68*

74.85 ± 9.68^·

Upon arrival to PACU

88.62 ± 9.25

76.23 ± 10.73*

70.64 ± 8.73^·