Table 1 Shows component of the protocol applied to different groups
Control 1 n = 55 | ERAS 1 n = 52 | P (1) value | Control 2 n = 55 | ERAS 2 n = 54 | P (2) value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative bowel preparation: n | 26 | 0 | – | 23 | 0 | – |
Admission preoperative (days) (mean ± SD) | 3.96 ± 0.8 | 1.02 ± 0.8 | 0.011 | 3.37 ± 1.23 | 1.4 ± 0.81 | 0.012 |
Overnight enema (n of patients) | 55 | 0 | – | 36 | 0 | – |
Fasting (h) (mean ± SD) | 11.6 ± 1.9 | 6.3 ± 0.89 | 0.002 | 11.1 ± 1.97 | 6.05 ± 0.85 | 0.0012 |
Preoperative carbohydrate drink (n of patients) | 0 | 52 | − | 0 | 54 | – |
Preoperative antiemetic (n) | 6 | 52 | – | 12 | 54 | – |
Fluid: (mean ± SD) | ||||||
● Intraoperative fluid balance (ml) | 1747 ± 257 | 934 ± 245 | < 0.0001 | 1459 ± 304 | 832 ± 197 | < 0.001 |
● Postoperative fluid balance (ml) | 2682 ± 396 | 1606 ± 607 | < 0.0001 | 1469 ± 315 | 1210 ± 324 | < 0.001 |
Analgesia | ||||||
● Epidural (n=) | 0 | 52 | 0 | 54 | ||
● Total nalbuphine (mg) (mean ± SD) (range) | 11.2 ± 3.4 (7–20) | 2.1 ± 0.8 (0–10) | < 0.001 | 9.6 ± 2.4 (6–14) | 1.4 ± 0.7 (0–10) | < 0.001 |
Ambulation: (n=) | ||||||
● Day of surgery | 16 | 49 | 46 | 54 | ||
● More than 4 times on POD 1a | 27 | 52 | 53 | 54 | ||
Start oral feeding | ||||||
● Fluid | 18 | 48 | 37 | 51 | ||
● Oral soft food in operative day | 7 | 44 | 12 | 46 | ||
● Oral soft food in OPD 1 day | 48 | 50 | 51 | 54 | ||