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Table 4 Detailed motor block characteristics in the upper limbs (ESSAM score) and lower limbs (modified Bromage score) in both groups

From: Comparison between thoracic paravertebral block and segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia in breast cancer surgery

Upper limbs

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

ESSAM score

TPVB

STSA

p-value

TPVB

STSA

p-value

0

35 (100%)

-

 

35 (100%)

32 (91.4%)

 

1

-

35 (100%)

< 0.001*

-

3 (8.6%)

0.079

2

-

25 (71.4%)

< 0.001*

-

-

 

3

-

5 (14.3%)

0.021*

-

-

 

Duration of block (min)

0

26.62 ± 4.31

    

Lower limbs

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

Modified Bromage scale

TPVB

STSA

p-value

TPVB

STSA

p-value

0

35 (100%)

16 (45.7%)

< .001*

35 (100%)

31 (88.6%)

0.039*

1

-

15 (42.9%)

 

-

4 (11.4%)

 

2

-

4 (11.4%)

 

-

-

 

3

-

-

 

-

-

 

Duration of block (min)

0

13.45 ± 2.32

    
  1. Data are in number and percentage (%). n = 35. *Statistically significant p ≤ 0.05. The epidural scoring scale for arm movements (ESSAM) score: elbow flexion (C6/ C5); wrist flexion (C8/C7); handgrip (T1/C8). Grades (0, no block; 1, no hand grip; 2, no hand or wrist flexion; 3, no hand, wrist, or elbow flexion). The grade of modified Bromage scale (0, free movement of legs and feet; 1, just able to flex knees with free movement of feet; 2, unable to flex knees but free movement of feet; 3, unable to move legs or feet)