Table 2 Parameters among the studied cases

Left atrial performance parameters

 Maximum LAA; cm²

12.9 ± 3.3

13.1 ± 3.5

0.2 ± 0.4

 − 0.6–1.0

0.599

 Minimum LAA; cm²

8.6 ± 3.8

9.6 ± 3.6

1.0 ± 0.4

0.2–1.7

0.018*

 Pre-A wave LAA; cm²

10.6 ± 2.7

11.1 ± 3.0

0.5 ± 0.4

 − 0.2–1.2

0.155

 LAV1; cm³

34.0 ± 14.0

36.0 ± 13.7

2.1 ± 1.8

 − 1.7–5.8

0.270

 LAV2; cm³

18.7 ± 11.6

22.1 ± 11.0

3.4 ± 1.3

0.7–6.0

0.014*

 LAV3; cm³

25.8 ± 9.8

26.8 ± 11.1

1.0 ± 1.6

 − 2.4–4.4

0.543

 LA-FAC; %

35.0 ± 17.7

27.9 ± 18.1

 − 7.1 ± 10.3

 − 10.9 to − 3.2

0.001*

 LA-TEF; %

47.5 ± 17.3

42.1 ± 15.1

 − 5.4 ± 16.1

 − 11.3–0.5

0.071

 LA-PEF; %

15.9 ± 40.6

17.6 ± 40.7

1.7 ± 21.0

 − 6.8–10.1

0.692

 LA-AEF; %

32.2 ± 24.2

18.0 ± 36.8

14.1 ± 6.5

0.8–27.5

0.038*

Left ventricular diastolic function parameters

 I) Transmitral PWD

  E; cm/s

58.5 ± 18.7

58.0 ± 17.9

 − 0.5 ± 2.1

 − 4.8–3.9

0.827

  A; cm/s

43.0 ± 18.5

38.6 ± 14.5

 − 4.4 ± 1.8

 − 8.1 to − 0.8

0.019*

  E/A

1.5 ± 0.7

1.7 ± 0.8

0.2 ± 0.1

0.0–0.3

0.117

  E-DT; ms

203.2 ± 59.3

192.6 ± 59.5

 − 10.6 ± 9.6

 − 30.3–9.2

0.282

 II) Pulmonary venous PWD

  S; cm/s

38.5 ± 14.1

35.1 ± 11.7

 − 3.4 ± 2.0

 − 7.6–0.8

0.108

  D; cm/s

43.8 ± 63.5

34.4 ± 14.6

 − 9.4 ± 12.2

 − 34.4–15.6

0.448

  AR; cm/s

14.6 ± 5.2

14.3 ± 5.8

 − 0.3 ± 1.1

 − 2.6–2.0

0.803

  ARd; ms

116.6 ± 35.0

111.7 ± 31.2

 − 4.9 ± 5.9

 − 16.9–7.2

0.412

 III) Tissue Doppler at lateral mitral area

  e’; cm/s

8.0 ± 3.4

7.9 ± 4.4

 − 0.1 ± 0.8

 − 1.8–1.6

0.885

  a’; cm/s

7.3 ± 2.5

6.2 ± 1.6

 − 1.1 ± 0.4

 − 1.9 to − 0.2

0.021*

  E/e’

8.5 ± 3.8

10.9 ± 9.4

2.3 ± 9.5

 − 1.3–6.0

0.202

  PV cm/s

34.6 ± 11.0

31.8 ± 9.1

 − 2.8 ± 1.8

 − 6.4–0.8

0.126

Left ventricular systolic function parameters

 LVEF %

50.1 ± 7.7

48.8 ± 8.2

 − 1.2 ± 0.4

 − 2.1 to − 0.4

0.008*