Vibrating toothbrush, ice, or topical anesthetic agent to reduce pain of local anesthetic injection in 5- to 12-year-old children undergoing dental procedures — a randomized controlled trial

Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology

Table 4 Distribution of mean and SD of parameters in the three groups and comparison by one-way ANOVA

Parameter	Group	N	Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error	95% confidence interval for mean		F-value	p-value
Parameter	Group	N	Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error	Lower bound	Upper bound	F-value	p-value
SEM buccal	Vibration	30	4.90	1.936	0.353	4.18	5.62	0.622	0.539
	ICE	30	4.43	1.888	0.345	3.73	5.14
	Topical	30	4.93	1.999	0.365	4.19	5.68
SEM palatal	Vibration	30	5.70	2.020	0.369	4.95	6.45	0.443	0.643
	ICE	30	5.60	2.111	0.385	4.81	6.39
	Topical	30	6.07	1.929	0.352	5.35	6.79
FPS buccal	Vibration	30	1.67	1.184	0.216	1.22	2.11	.026	0.975
	ICE	30	1.67	1.295	0.237	1.18	2.15
	Topical	30	1.73	1.461	0.267	1.19	2.28
FPS palatal	Vibration	30	3.13	1.795	0.328	2.46	3.80	1.288	0.281
	ICE	30	3.00	1.554	0.284	2.42	3.58
	Topical	30	3.67	1.749	0.319	3.01	4.32