Sphenopalatine ganglion block with or without greater occipital nerve block for treatment of obstetric post-dural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia: randomized controlled trial

Ain-Shams Journal of Anesthesiology

Table 2 TCD parameters at different timings between the three studied groups

Variables	Group C (n = 21)	Group S (n = 21)	Group NAG (n = 21)	P value
Mean velocity (cm/s)
Baseline MV	82.52 ± 4.29	81.58 ± 4.69	82.52 ± 4.68	0.743
MV at 1 h	82.54 ± 3.87	69.86 ± 6.28^a	69.16 ± 5.53^a	< 0.001
MV at 6 h	81.83 ± 3.76	67.37 ± 6.23^a	66.50 ± 4.75^a	< 0.001
MV at 24 h	80.61 ± 3.31	65.15 ± 5.65^a	64.30 ± 4.55^a	< 0.001
Pulsatility Index
Baseline PI	0.62 ± 0.05	0.63 ± 0.04	0.64 ± 0.04	0.512
PI at 1 h	0.66 ± 0.04	0.69 ± 0.04^b	0.69 ± 0.04^b	0.018
PI at 6 h	0.67 ± 0.04	0.72 ± 0.04^b	0.72 ± 0.04^b	0.001
PI at 24 h	0.69 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.04^b	0.71 ± 0.05^b	0.030

Data were expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA test
TCD transcranial Doppler, Group C control group, Group S bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block group, Group NAG combined nerve and ganglion block, n total number of subjects in each group, MV mean velocity, PI Pulsatility Index
^aMV was highly and significantly lower in the S and NAG groups than in the control group at 1, 6, and 24 h
^bPI was significantly higher in S and NAG groups compared to the control group at 1, 6, and 24 h