Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in the study cohort

Age (years):

Mean ± SD

54.9 ± 14.1

52.0 ± 13.6

63.9 ± 11.8

< 0.001**

Sex: n (%)

 Male

1211 (57.5%)

916 (57.5%)

295 (57.6%)

0.9

 Female

895 (42.5%)

678 (42.5%)

217 (42.4%)

Sever COVID-19 cases at admission, n (%)

1687 (80.1%)

1573(98.7%)

114 (22.3%)

< 0.001**

Critical COVID-19 cases at admission, n (%)

419 (19.9%)

21 (1.3%)

398 (77.7%)

Comorbidities: n (%)

 Diabetes mellitus

622 (29.5%)

388 (24.3%)

234 (45.7%)

< 0.001**

 Hypertension

701 (33.3%)

442 (27.7%)

259 (50.6%)

< 0.001**

 Ischemic heart disease

227 (11.3%)

116 (7.3%)

111 (21.7%)

< 0.001**

 Chronic liver disease

99 (4.7%)

45 (2.8%)

54 (10.5%)

< 0.001**

 Malignancy

67(3.3%)

34 (2.1%)

33 (6.4%)

< 0.001**

 Chronic kidney disease

53 (2.5%)

24 (1.5%)

29 (5.7%)

< 0.001**

 Thyroid dysfunction

26 (1.2%)

24 (1.5%)

2 (0.4%)

0.08

 Heavy smoking

24 (1.1%)

18 (1.1%)

8 (1.6%)

0.6

 Organ transplantation

10 (0.5%)

2 (0.1%)

8 (1.6%)

0.002*

Respiratory symptoms at presentation (cause of ICU admission), n (%)

2079 (98.7%)

1588(99.6%)

491 (95.9%)

< 0.001**

Neuropsychiatric symptoms at presentation (cause of ICU admission), n (%)

27 (1.3%)

2 (0.1%)

25 (4.9%)

< 0.001**

Length of stay (days):

median (range)

8 (1–70)

11 (1–70)

8 (1–30)

< 0.001*

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation: n (%)

1260 (59.8%)

760 (47.7%)

500 (97.7%)

0.03*

Noninvasive mechanical ventilator days: median (range)

14 (1–61)

14(1–61)

12(1–22)

< 0.001**

Invasive mechanical ventilation: n (%)

508 (24.1)%

4 (0.25%)

504 (98.4%)

< 0.001**

Invasive mechanical ventilator days:

median (range)

5 (1–20)

12 (11–13)

5 (1–20)

< 0.001**

Drug therapy: n (%)

 Corticosteroids

1848 (87.7%)

1382(86.7%)

466 (91.0%)

0.06

 Iverzine

571 (27.1%)

486 (30.5%)

85 (16.6%)

< 0.001**

 Tocilizumab

344 (16.3%)

108 (6.8%)

236 (46.1%)

< 0.001**

 Remdesivir

254 (12.1%)

80 (5.0%)

174 (34.0%)

< 0.001**

 Favipiravir

189 (9.0%)

104 (6.5%)

85 (16.6%)

< 0.001**

 Plaquenil

158 (7.5%)

148 (9.3%)

10 (2.0%)

< 0.001**

 Colchicine

134 (6.4%)

54 (3.4%)

80 (15.6%)

< 0.001**

 Pirfenex

80 (3.8%)

22 (1.4%)

58 (11.3%)

< 0.001**

 Anti-fungal

157 (7.5%)

49 (3.1%)

108 (21.1%)

< 0.001**